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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Virtual Execution System</span></span>
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The <b>Virtual Execution System</b> (<b>VES</b>) is a <a href="Run-time_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-time system">run-time system</a> of the <a href="Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> CLI which provides an environment for executing <a href="Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a>. It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model. To a large extent, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute the <a href="Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a> CIL instruction set.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2></div>
<p>The <a href="Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime">Common Language Runtime</a> (CLR) implements the VES as defined in the <a href="Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> (CLI) standard. Other notable implementations of the CLI such as <a href="Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> and <a href="Portable.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable.NET">Portable.NET</a> include their own VES implementations. The <a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a> includes the .NET Micro Framework Interpreter as their VES implementation.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Native_Image_Generator" title="Native Image Generator">Native Image Generator</a></li>
<li><a href="Application_domain" title="Application domain">Application domain</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="Application_domain" title="Application domain">Application domain</a></li>
<li><a href="Code_Access_Security" title="Code Access Security">Code Access Security</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_CIL_instructions" title="List of CIL instructions">instructions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Common_Type_System" title="Common Type System">Common Type System</a></li>
<li><a href="Platform_Invocation_Services" title="Platform Invocation Services">Platform Invocation Services</a></li>
</ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Assembly_(CLI)" title="Assembly (CLI)">Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="Delegate_(CLI)" title="Delegate (CLI)">Delegate</a></li>
<li><a href="Global_Assembly_Cache" title="Global Assembly Cache">Global Assembly Cache</a></li>
<li><a href="Manifest_(CLI)" title="Manifest (CLI)">Manifest</a></li>
<li><a href="Metadata_(CLI)" title="Metadata (CLI)">Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="Standard_Libraries_(CLI)" title="Standard Libraries (CLI)">Standard Libraries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsoft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Compact_Framework" title=".NET Compact Framework">.NET Compact Framework</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li>
<li><a href="DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">Visual Basic</a></li>
<li><a href="F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li>
<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Axum_(programming_language)" title="Axum (programming language)">Axum</a></li>
<li><a href="A_Sharp_(.NET)" title="A Sharp (.NET)">A#</a></li>
<li><a href="Boo_(programming_language)" title="Boo (programming language)">Boo</a></li>
<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>
<li><a href="Cobra_(programming_language)" title="Cobra (programming language)">Cobra</a></li>
<li><a href="C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="IronScheme" title="IronScheme">IronScheme</a></li>
<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>
<li><a href="IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li>
<li><a href="JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">J#</a></li>
<li><a href="Nemerle" title="Nemerle">Nemerle</a></li>
<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li>
<li><a href="Phalanger_(compiler)" title="Phalanger (compiler)">Phalanger</a></li>
<li><a href="Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li>
<li><a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Java">C# and Java</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET">C# and Visual Basic .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_Visual_Basic_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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